(1) What is a mineral? (Use your own words and be brief).
(2) What is the difference between ionic chemical bonding and covalent
chemical bonding of atoms.
(Which is the stronger bond type?)
(3) What is the periodic table, and how is it structured?
(4) Explain why some minerals have excellent crystal faces and others
do not?
(Does this mean that some have internal
crystal structure and others do not?)
(5) List 10 mineral properties that are useful for identifying minerals.
(6) What is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (silica), and how is it the basis for all silicate minerals?
(7) What is the difference in terms of silicate structure between olivine,
pyroxene, mica, quartz, and feldspar?
Why is calcite different?
(8) What minerals are most common in Earth's mantle? In the crust? In the core?
(9) Also, questions 1,2, and 7 from page 77.
xx) A hexagon has __________ planes of symmetry: (a) three (b) six (c) twelve (d) four (e) eight
xx) A cube sitting on a table has a vertical __________ axis of rotation: (a) eightfold (b) sixfold (c) twofold (d) threefold (e) fourfold
1) Which of the following substances does not contain Si _elementsubscript_element? A) quartz B) obsidian C) diamond D) agate E) window glass -Answer: __
Each of the materials below fails to satisfy one of the criteria for being a mineral. Pick the criterion violated.
2) volcanic glass A) natural B) inorganic C) crystalline D) fixed chemistry -Answer: __
3) ice in your freezer A) natural B) inorganic C) crystalline D) fixed chemistry -Answer: __
4) window glass A) natural B) inorganic C) crystalline D) fixed chemistry -Answer: __
5) granite A) natural B) inorganic C) crystalline D) fixed chemistry -Answer: __
6) Which group of the periodic table tends to give up one electron and to acquire a charge of +1? A) alkali metals B) inert gases C) halogens D) nonmetals E) metals -Answer: __
7) If the number of neutrons in the nuclei of atoms of a given element is changed, then A) the atoms become ions. B) the atomic number of the element will change. C) the number of protons will also change. D) the atoms become isotopes. E) the number of electrons will change. -Answer: __
8) The chemical reactivity of atoms depends primarily upon their number of A) protons. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) electrons in the outer shell. E) all of these -Answer: __
9) Which one of these minerals is a compound? A) graphite B) sulfur C) diamond D) gold E) feldspar -Answer: __
10) Minerals in which Group I or II metals are bonded to a halogen are called A) native elements. B) oxides. C) sulfides. D) silicates. E) halides. -Answer: __
11) The mineral most likely to be substituted for "table salt" to provide low sodium diets is A) potassium feldspar. B) sylvite. C) gypsum. D) calcite. E) quartz. -Answer: __
Match the kind of bonding with the given mineral or mineral structure in the questions below.
12) diamond A) ionic B) covalent C) Van der Waals D) metallic -Answer: __
13) gold A) ionic B) covalent C) Van der Waals D) metallic -Answer: __
14) halite A) ionic B) covalent C) Van der Waals D) metallic -Answer: __
15) quartz A) ionic B) covalent C) Van der Waals D) metallic -Answer: __
16) graphite sheets A) ionic B) covalent C) Van der Waals D) metallic -Answer: __
17) The basic stability of minerals is controlled by A) heat, pressure. B) pressure, gravity. C) heat, gravity. D) bonding type. E) phase diagrams. -Answer: __
Match the appropriate _elementsubscript_elementO phase with each of the statements below.
18) Low temperature, low pressure phase A) ice B) water C) water vapor -Answer: __
19) High temperature, low pressure phase A) ice B) water C) water vapor -Answer: __ 20) Moderate temperature, moderate to high pressure phase A) ice B) water C) water vapor -Answer: __
21) The mineral form of _elementsubscript_elementO A) ice B) water C) water vapor -Answer: __
22) Which of these rock-forming minerals is considered felsic? A) biotite B) pyroxene C) olivine D) feldspar E) all of the above -Answer: __
23) All minerals containing silicon and oxygen are A) glassy. B) carbonates. C) silicates. D) quartz. E) found only in igneous rocks. -Answer: __
24) How many sulfur atoms are there in a single, isolated silicate tetrahedron? A) 1 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2 E) 0 -Answer: __
25) The compound Si _elementsubscript_element, basic to the silicate minerals, is a (an) A) metal cation. B) simple anion. C) complex cation. D) complex anion. E) ionic compound. -Answer: __
26) Which of the following is not a kind of silicate structure? A) isolated B) chain C) sheet D) framework E) cross-link -Answer: __
Match the silicate minerals below with their silica tetrahedral structure.
27) Pyroxene A) isolated tetrahedral B) single chain C) double chain D) sheet E) three-dimensional -Answer: __
28) Micas A) isolated tetrahedral B) single chain C) double chain D) sheet E) three-dimensional -Answer: __
29) Olivine A) isolated tetrahedral B) single chain C) double chain D) sheet E) three-dimensional -Answer: __
30) Feldspars A) isolated tetrahedral B) single chain C) double chain D) sheet E) three-dimensional -Answer: __
31) Amphibole A) isolated tetrahedral B) single chain C) double chain D) sheet E) three-dimensional -Answer: __
32) An example of a mineral with one perfect cleavage is A) pyroxene. B) muscovite. C) hornblende. D) quartz. E) orthoclase. -Answer: __
33) The Group I and II metal cations in the feldspar silicate structure are A) Ca, Na, Kb. B) Mg, Ca, Al. C) Na, K, Al. D) Ca, Na, Si. E) Fe, Mg, Al. -Answer: __
Match the minerals in A-E with their origin or occurrence in the statements below.
34) Alteration product of feldspar A) garnet B) plagioclase C) chlorite D) epidote E) orthoclase -Answer: __
35) High pressure, high temperature mineral A) garnet B) plagioclase C) chlorite D) epidote E) orthoclase -Answer: __
36) A feldspar typical of basalts A) garnet B) plagioclase C) chlorite D) epidote E) orthoclase -Answer: __
37) An alteration product of olivine A) garnet B) plagioclase C) chlorite D) epidote E) orthoclase -Answer: __
38) A feldspar found in granite A) garnet B) plagioclase C) chlorite D) epidote E) orthoclase -Answer: __
Pick the common chemical form for the nonsilicate mineral commodities below.
39) Limestone A) oxide B) carbonate C) sulfide D) sulfate E) native element -Answer: __
40) Copper, lead, and zinc A) oxide B) carbonate C) sulfide D) sulfate E) native element -Answer: __
41) Gypsum A) oxide B) carbonate C) sulfide D) sulfate E) native element -Answer: __
42) Sulfur A) oxide B) carbonate C) sulfide D) sulfate E) native element -Answer: __
43) Iron A) oxide B) carbonate C) sulfide D) sulfate E) native element -Answer: __
Select the mineral or chemical assemblage which is thought to represent the major Earth zones.
44) Inner core A) no minerals B) mostly olivine C) mostly Fe D) olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase E) feldspar, quartz -Answer: __
45) Outer core A) no minerals B) mostly olivine C) mostly Fe D) olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase E) feldspar, quartz -Answer: __
46) Mantle A) no minerals B) mostly olivine C) mostly Fe D) olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase E) feldspar, quartz -Answer: __
47) Continental crust A) no minerals B) mostly olivine C) mostly Fe D) olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase E) feldspar, quartz -Answer: __
48) Oceanic crust A) no minerals B) mostly olivine C) mostly Fe D) olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase E) feldspar, quartz -Answer: __